A crucial period for the birth of the modern subject, France's 'long eighteenth century' (approximately 1650-1820) was an era marked by the formulation of a new aesthetic and ethical code revolving around the intensification of emotions and the hyperbolic use of weeping. Precisely because tears are not a simple biological fact but rather hang suspended between natural immediacy, on one side, and cultural artifice, on the other, the analysis of crying came to represent an exemplary testing ground for investigations into the enigmatic relations binding the realm of physiology to that of psychology. Thinking About Tears explores how the link between tears and sensibility in France's long eighteenth century helps shed light on the process through which the European emotional lexicon has been built: from viewing tears as governed by the sphere of 'passions' and 'feelings', thinkers began to view crying as first a matter of sensibility and then of sensiblerie (a pathological excess of sensibility), thereby presupposing an intimate connection with the category of 'sentiments'. For this reason, this volume examines not only or even primarily the actual emotion of crying, but also the attempt to think about and explain this feeling. Drawing on a wide range of early modern philosophical, medical, religious, and literary texts-including moral treatises on the passions, medical textbooks, letters, life-writings, novels, and stage-plays-Thinking About Tears reveals another side to a period that has too often been saddled with the cursory label of 'the age of reason'.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction: Thinking about Tears
Part One: The Passion of Tears
1. From Heaven to Earth: Horizontal and Vertical Tears
2. From the Man without Passions to the Crying Hero
3. Tears and Humours
4. The Tears of the Soul
Part Two: The Weeping Century: The Rise of Sensibility
5. Physical and Moral Tears
6. The 'homme sensible'
7. The Pedagogy of Tears
8. The Tears of the Revolution
Part Three: Rivers of Tears and Drought: From Sensibility to 'sensiblerie'
9. Sentimental Onanism and the De-moralization of Crying
10. Pathological Tears
11. The Strategy of Crying
Conclusion